![]() They reported a significant decrease in a day-long glucose and insulin concentrations with the high-MUFA diet, although there was no change in fasting glucose or insulin in two diet groups. , compared a 55% CHO, 30% fat diet with a 40% CHO, 45% fat diet, in which the increase in fat was accomplished with addition of MUFA, on risk of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, a high-MUFA/low-CHO diet decreased both postprandial glucose and plasma insulin by 13.1% (for both) compared with a high-CHO diet. Moreover, a diet higher in total fat has been shown to maintain a higher LDL particle diameter size, which is important because small, dense LDLs increase CVD risk. There is limited evidence indicating that MUFAs may decrease susceptibility of LDL particles to oxidative modification, which is an important initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby reducing their atherogenic potential. Diets high in MUFAs (that are low in SFAs and cholesterol) will lower plasma total and LDL cholesterol and TGs and minimize any potential decrease in HDL cholesterol. Currently, there is great interest in MUFAs as a substitute for dietary CHO because of their beneficial effects on CVD risk factors. On average, MUFAs provide about 15% of energy to the diet, while a high-MUFA diet typically provides about 20–22% of energy. Depending on the substitution, there can be a variable change in the total fat content of the diet (i.e., from 15% to 40% of energy), varying from essentially no or little change to an approximate twofold increase. MUFAs provide great flexibility in diet planning because they can be used to replace SFAs, carbohydrate, or calories from both. AMY BINKOSKI, in Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease, 2001 1. Additional research is needed to explain why animal studies and human studies differ in how MUFAs affect CVD risk. Predicted change in CVD risk estimated that MF diets led to greater reduction in CVD risk compared with LF diets for both men and women. Thus, the TC: HDL-C ratio was significantly reduced after MF diets. However, MF diets increased HDL-C and decreased TG compared with LF diets. (2009), it is reported that moderate-fat (MF average 23.6% of total kcal as MUFA) and LF (average containing 11.4% of total kcal as MUFA) diets both lowered TC and LDL similarly. Primate studies have shown that MUFAs are more thermogenic than PUFAs, eliciting effects similar to SFAs ( Rudel et al., 1998, 1995). Both MUFA and carbohydrate lower LDL-C levels when replacing SFA, but MUFA can increase HDL-C levels versus carbohydrate, lower the TC:HDL-C ratio, and potentially decrease apolipoprotein B, the main apolipoprotein in LDL-C ( Garg, 1998 Mensink et al., 2003). Clinical evidence has shown that MUFA substitution for SFA decreases LDL-C ( Berglund et al., 2007). MUFAs replacement of SFA for an improvement in blood lipids is reported ( Miller et al., 2016). Kuranuki, in Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine, 2018 Monounsaturated Fatty Acid 77 found that in Type 2 DM, relative to high-CHO diets, MUFA diets had significant reductions in fasting glucose, TG, body weight and systolic bloods pressure, with increased HDL. 76 In a recent meta-analysis, Qian et al. This strategy of reducing CHO and SFA with a corresponding increase in MUFA intake was beneficial in a study of patients with type 2 DM a MUFA-rich diet (40% of energy as fat) lowered VLDL cholesterol by 35% and VLDL TG by 16% when compared to a CHO diet (28% of energy as fat). Similarly, MUFAs may be a preferable substitute of carbohydrate-rich diets. 74,75 Consequently, MUFAs may be an ideal substitute for SFA, obviating the adverse effects of SFAs. Diets rich in MUFAs have been shown to have favorable anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits, while allowing for an improved lipid profile. ![]() Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) are found in abundance in nuts, avocado, and olive oil (up to 80% MUFA) and are a key component of the MD. ![]() Goh, in Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Diabetes (Second Edition), 2019 6 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) ![]()
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